Bibliometric Indices

Twelve readings of the record

Twelve readings of the research record, in six pairs. Every measure is computed on fractional author credit — each work allocated to nations by author share — and field-weighted, so volume, authority, integrity and trajectory are read on the same normalised national footing.

Scale

— how much, and how good

Output

Most productive

Fractional, field-weighted share of world output. Volume credited by authorship, normalised so a paper in a high-citing field does not outweigh one in a low-citing field.

Impact

Most cited

Field- and year-normalised citation share. Influence corrected for discipline and citation age.

Authority

— weight, not just count

Authority

Most influential citations

Eigenvector-weighted citation share: a citation from a highly cited work counts for more than one from an obscure one. Influence measured by the company it keeps, not the tally.

Leadership

Most top-decile work

Share of output in the global top 1 per cent and 10 per cent most-cited. Frontier presence, immune to the long tail.

Excellence

— the frontier, not the average

Disruption

Most field-shifting

Share of work scoring high on the disruption (CD) index — research that displaces what it cites rather than building on it. Novelty against incrementalism.

Concentration

Greatest field command

Where a nation's authority concentrates: the fields it leads globally, against a broad-but-shallow profile. Specialist command versus generalist spread.

Integrity

— signal against inflation

Self-Reference

Most inward citation

Fractional self-citation above the field-expected baseline, with nation, institution and author self-citation netted out separately.

Coordination

Most anomalous citation structure

Fractionally attributed exposure to citation rings and reciprocal clusters detected against a null model. Structure, not accusation.

Connectivity

— how the work travels

Collaboration

Most globally co-authored

Cross-border co-authorship share, fractionally weighted. Openness of the research system to the world.

Brokerage

Greatest bridging role

Betweenness centrality in the international co-authorship and citation network. Who connects otherwise-separate research communities.

TrajectoryComing

— the direction of travel (arriving with the historical series)

Ascent

Rising fastest

Fractional, field-weighted share and authority accelerating fastest, broadly or in a decisive field.

Drift

Losing ground

Falling share, ageing reference lists and declining frontier presence.

Every signal is read on the same normalised footing: fractional author credit, field- and year-weighting, and a null-model baseline for the integrity measures. See Methodology for the algorithmic choices and their limits.